Tufafin gargajiya na Argentina: tarihi, tufafi da al'ada

Tufafin gargajiya a Kudancin Cone yana nuna wani muhimmin ɓangare na tarihin yankin. Tufafi suna nuna sana'o'in karkara, bambancin yanayi, gaurayen al'adu, da al'adu waɗanda aka haɗa tsawon ƙarni a Argentina da Chile.

Idan ana maganar tufafin gargajiya na Argentina da Chile, kusan kowa yana tunanin gaucho nan take, kuma a ɗayan gefen Andes, huaso, kamar yadda yake a yanayin suturar gargajiya ta Argentina da Chile. kayan gargajiya na Sanjuanero Huilense a Colombia. Duk da haka, a bayan waɗannan siffofi masu ban mamaki akwai sararin samaniya mai faɗi na tufafi, kayan haɗi, da amfani, inda kowane yanki yana da manufarsa ta aiki, kuma a lokaci guda, wani babban abin da ke da alaƙa da al'adun gargajiya, kiɗa da bukukuwan da aka shahara da su.

Tufafin gargajiya na Argentina: daga gaucho zuwa ɗan ƙasa

Tufafin gargajiya na Argentina ba abu ne mai tsari ɗaya ba, kuma ba a iyakance shi ga tufafi ɗaya ba. Ƙasar tana da faɗi, kuma shimfidar wurare sun kama daga dazuzzukan ruwan sama masu zafi zuwa tsaunukan Patagonian, waɗanda suka haɗa da filaye, tuddai, da tsaunukan Andes. Saboda haka, suturar gargajiya tana nuna wannan bambancin. Bambancin yankuna da aka nuna ta yanayi, nau'in aiki, da al'adun gida, kodayake gaucho ya kasance babban abin koyi na karkarar Argentina.

Tufafin da ke da alaƙa da gaucho an haife su ne saboda buƙata: ya zama dole a jure wa dogayen kwanaki a kan doki, canjin yanayin zafi kwatsam, da ƙasa cike da ƙaya, laka, da ƙura. Bayan lokaci, wannan rigar ta daina zama kawai tufafin aiki kuma ta zama wata babbar alama ce ta asalin ƙasa, alfaharin Creole, da kuma ruhin 'yancin kai, musamman a bayyane a lokacin bukukuwan ƙasa da bukukuwan jama'a.

A larduna da yawa, ana iya ganin waɗannan tufafin, ba kawai a cikin nunin faifai ko faretin ba, har ma a rayuwar yau da kullun ta ma'aikatan karkara. Saboda haka, tufafin gargajiya suna da amfani biyu: Yana amsa takamaiman buƙatun aikin filin kuma, a lokaci guda, yana kiyaye gadon al'adu. wanda ake bayarwa daga tsara zuwa tsara.

Baya ga siffar gaucho, kowace yankin Argentina ta ƙara wasu abubuwa a salon suturarta: daga yadin ulu na Arewa maso Yamma, wanda ke da alaƙa da al'adun Andean, zuwa tufafi masu sauƙi da haske waɗanda ake sawa a wurare masu zafi da danshi kamar Litoral. Duk wannan yana haifar da mosaic na tufafi na yau da kullun waɗanda suka wuce yanayin da ake ciki, kamar yadda ake gani a da. tufafin gargajiya na al'ummomi a Spain. Bambancin yanayi da al'adun ƙasar ya bayyana a fili a cikin tufafin gargajiya..

A cikin yanayin bukukuwa, ana canza tufafin yau da kullun: ana ƙara kayan ado, launuka masu haske, da kayan haɗi masu jan hankali. A wuraren ibada, tarurrukan jama'a, da bukukuwan waliyyai, ana nuna kayan gargajiya cikin dukkan kyawunsu, wanda ke ƙarfafa wannan alaƙar da ke tsakanin al'adun gargajiya, kiɗa, rawa da tufafin Creole wanda hakan yana da matukar jan hankali ga mazauna yankin da kuma baƙi.

Tufafin da aka saba yi wa ɗan ƙasar Argentina

Idan muka yi nazarin tufafin gaucho da na ƙauye, za mu ga rigunan da aka tsara da wata ma'ana mai haske. Kowannensu an yi shi ne don kare shi daga sanyi, rana, ko ciyayi, ko kuma don sauƙaƙe wasu ayyuka a kan doki. Waɗannan kayan, waɗanda a yau za su iya zama kamar na gargajiya kawai, sun samo asali ne kamar yadda mafita masu amfani ga ƙalubalen aikin karkara a Pampas da sauran yankuna.

Ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun tufafi a wasu yankunan arewacin Argentina shine tufafi na musamman. mai kula da wasaWaɗannan su ne sassan fata ko zane mai kauri da ake sanyawa a kan ƙafafu yayin hawa doki. Aikinsu yana da sauƙi amma yana da matuƙar muhimmanci: don kare mahayin daga rassan ƙaya, bishiyoyi masu tauri, da kowace ƙasa mai tsauri yayin da yake ratsa tsaunuka da hanyoyin da aka rufe. Godiya gare su, ƙafafunsa suna da kariya daga ci gaba da yankewa da karce.

A yankunan da ke da yanayin zafi mai tsananin rana, kamar lardunan Corrientes da Misiones, waɗannan sun fi shahara: huluna bambaroWannan nau'in hula, mai sauƙin ɗauka kuma mai iska mai kyau, ta zama cikakkiyar abokiyar gaba da zafi da hasken rana mai ƙarfi. Fiye da kayan haɗi kawai, abu ne mai mahimmanci na yau da kullun. Yana ba da inuwa ga fuska, wuya da kuma wani ɓangare na kafadu, yana rage haɗarin bugun rana da bugun zafi. a cikin dogon lokacin da ake ɗauka a fagen daga.

Tare da waɗannan kayan aiki masu amfani suna bayyana gangaraBel mai faɗi ko kuma abin ɗamarar fata, wanda a cikin sigarsa ta yau da kullun an rufe shi da tsabar kuɗi da kuma kayan shafa na azurfa. Wannan bel ɗin ba wai kawai yana ɗaukar wando ko kuma yana ɗaukar wuka ba ne, har ma yana aiki kamar yadda aka saba. wani abu na bambanci da kuma nuna matsayi tsakanin gauchos da mutanen ƙauyeMusamman a bukukuwa, faretin sojoji, da kuma rodeo. Yayin da ake ƙara bayani dalla-dalla, haka nan kuma ake ƙara nuna darajar da take nunawa.

Rastra yana rayuwa tare da wasu nau'ikan bel, kamar tirador, wanda aka yi shi da fata mai faɗi kuma galibi ana yi masa ado. Tare, waɗannan kayan suna kewaye kugu, suna ba da tallafi ga duk tufafin kuma suna ƙirƙirar wani nau'in "sulke" inda ake haɗa wuƙaƙe, bulala, da sauran kayan aikin aiki. Ta wannan hanyar, kugu yana zama muhimmin batu daga hangen nesa na aiki da kuma na ado a cikin ƙungiyar gaucho.

A rayuwar yau da kullum, waɗannan tufafin na iya zama kamar ba a yi musu komai ba, suna ɗauke da fata mai aiki amma ba tare da tsada ba. Duk da haka, a cikin yanayi na bukukuwa ko a wuraren rawa, mutane da yawa suna zaɓar bel da sarƙoƙi masu ado sosai, waɗanda aka yi wa ado da azurfa da tsabar kuɗi na gargajiya. Wannan haɗin Amfani da kuma bayyanar da aka sarrafa sun bayyana yanayin tufafin Argentina na yau da kullun..

Poncho: gashi, asali da alamar nuna rashin amincewa

Daga cikin dukkan tufafin gargajiya na Argentina, poncho Yana da wani wuri mai mahimmanci. Ainihin, babban yadi ne mai kusurwa huɗu, tare da buɗewa a tsakiya don kai, wanda ke faɗuwa a gaba da bayan jiki. Duk da haka, a bayan wannan siffa mai sauƙi akwai babban wadatar al'adu: Kowace yanki tana amfani da kayayyaki, launuka, da zane-zane daban-daban waɗanda ke ba da labarinta..

Misali, a larduna kamar Salta, ana iya gane poncho mai haske mai gefuna baƙi ko ratsi. Wannan haɗin ya zama alama ta gaske ta arewacin Argentina. Sabanin haka, a La Rioja, ponchos da aka saka da ulu a cikin launuka na halitta, ba tare da rini mai ƙarfi ba, sun zama ruwan dare gama gari, suna tunawa da... aikin kiwon tumaki da masaku na hannu a yankinDon haka, poncho ba wai kawai rigar kariya ba ce, har ma katin shaidar ƙasa ne, kamar yadda lamarin yake a da Bunad na ƙasar Norway.

Daga mahangar aiki, poncho kusan ba za a iya maye gurbinsa ba a karkara. Yana kare shi daga sanyi, iska, da ruwan sama mai sauƙi, kuma yana daidaitawa da buƙatun mahayi: yana ba da damar 'yancin motsi, yana da sauri a saka da kuma tashi, har ma ana iya amfani da shi azaman bargo don barci ko rufe sirdi. Saboda duk waɗannan dalilai, ya zama muhimmin ɓangare na rayuwar yau da kullun ta gaucho. Kayan aiki mai amfani da yawa wanda ya haɗa da ɗumi, jin daɗi, da kuma sauƙin amfani..

Abin sha'awa, poncho kuma ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a rayuwar zamantakewa da kuma a cikin lambar girmamawa ta gaucho. Labarai masu shahara sun nuna cewa lokacin da maza biyu ke jayayya kan wani abu kuma tashin hankali ya tashi, ɗayansu zai iya juyawa ko "busa" poncho a matsayin wata alama ta nuna rashin amincewaAn fahimci wannan motsi a matsayin gayyatar kai tsaye zuwa fada ko faɗa, wato, farkon fafatawa tsakanin hannu da hannu.

A tsawon lokaci, poncho ya wuce asalin karkararsa ya zama abin koyi ga al'adun gargajiya na Argentina. Ana amfani da shi a cikin raye-rayen gargajiya, ana nuna shi a tarurruka na hukuma, kuma ana gabatar da shi azaman alama ce ta zuciyar Argentina a bukukuwa da al'adun gargajiyaA yau, a cikin ƙasa da kuma ƙasashen waje, yana ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da aka fi sani da tufafin gargajiya na Southern Cone.

Bombachas, chiripá da sauran abubuwan suturar gaucho

Idan muka ci gaba da tafiya daga jiki zuwa ƙafafuwa, za mu ga tufafi iri ɗaya kamar poncho. Ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun kayan ado na gaucho shine... wandon batarazasWaɗannan wando ne masu faɗi a sama, suna da sassauƙa don ba da damar hawa cikin kwanciyar hankali, kuma suna da ɗan ƙaramin tsayi har zuwa idon sawu. Suna ƙarewa da wani irin madauri mai dacewa, wanda galibi ana rufe shi da maɓalli, wanda ke rufewa da maɓalli. Yana hana yadin ya kama rassan ko kuma stirups kuma yana sauƙaƙa sanya takalma..

Waɗannan wandon gaucho galibi ana yin su ne da yadi mai sauƙi amma mai ɗorewa, waɗanda aka ƙera don jure zafi, ƙura, da motsi akai-akai. Tsarin su yana bin wata ma'ana mai haske: don ba wa gaucho damar jin daɗi na tsawon sa'o'i a cikin sirdi, ba tare da ƙaiƙayi ko ƙuntatawa a motsi ba, yayin da a lokaci guda yana ba da shingen da ke kan iska da ƙasa mai ƙazantaSu misali ne mai kyau na tufafin da aka haifa daga aikin yau da kullun.

A ƙarƙashin wandon ko a saman waɗannan wandon, ya danganta da yankin da kuma zamanin, wani suturar gargajiya ta bayyana: zagiBabban zane ne, wanda aka sanya a kusa da kugu da kuma tsakanin ƙafafuwa, wanda ya dace da babban kyalle. Babban manufarsa ita ce kare shi daga sanyi da danshi, musamman a ranakun da iska ke hura. A gaskiya ma, kalmar "chiri," wacce ke nufin sanyi a Quechua, tana da alaƙa da asalin kalmar chiripá kuma tana ƙarfafa hakan. aikin kariya daga ƙananan yanayin zafi.

Tufafin gaucho an kammala shi da kayan haɗi da dama. Ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun shine faconWuka mai girma da ake sawa a kugu, yawanci ana haɗa shi da bel ko majajjawa. Facón ɗin yana da amfani iri-iri: ana amfani da shi don yanka dabbobi, don aikin gona, kuma, a wasu yanayi na tarihi, har ma ya zama makamin tsaro kuma alamar jarumtakar mutum a cikin faɗa da jayayya.

Kusa da wuka mun sami bulalaWani nau'in bulala mai gajere da gaucho ke amfani da shi don shiryar da ƙarfafa doki. Duk da cewa babban aikinsa yana da alaƙa da sarrafa dabbar, ya kuma sami nauyi na alama a cikin tunanin gaucho, wanda galibi yake bayyana a cikin labarai, waƙoƙi, da wakilcin fasaha. Duk waɗannan abubuwan, tare da poncho, bombachas (wando mai santsi), da chiripá (wani nau'in rigar gaucho), suna ƙirƙirar cikakken sutura inda Kowane kayan aiki yana da amfani da halaye a lokaci guda.

Gadon al'adu a cikin tufafi: daga mutanen asali zuwa al'adar Creole

Tufafin gargajiya na Argentina ba za a iya fahimtar su ba tare da la'akari da tasirin giciye da suka tsara kowace tufa ba. Da yawa suna da wani abu na asali a zuciyarsu, wanda ya dace da rayuwar gaucho a tsawon lokaci. Kyakkyawan misali na wannan shine gaucho da kansa. ponchowanda ya samo asali ne daga mutanen asali na yankunan Andean da Pampas. Siffar, yadin ulu, da wasu kayan ado an samo su ne kai tsaye daga Dabaru na yadin da aka yi kafin Hispanic sun kasance a cikin ƙarni da yawa.

Wani abu kuma na asalin 'yan asalin ƙasar da gaucho ya haɗa a rayuwarsa ta yau da kullun shine bolaWannan makamin farauta, wanda aka yi shi da ƙwallo da dama da igiyoyi suka haɗa, ana jefa shi ta hanyar juya shi sama da kai don ɗaure ƙafafun dabbar. An taɓa amfani da shi sosai a tsakanin ƙungiyoyin 'yan asalin ƙasar na filayen, kuma daga baya aka mayar da shi hannun gauchos, waɗanda suka sanya shi ɗaya daga cikin alamominsu mafi ban mamaki. Boleadora ya nuna yadda Ilmin 'yan asalin ƙasar da ayyukan Creole sun haɗu a cikin yankunan karkara.

Al'adar shan giya kuma ta samo asali ne daga mutanen asali. mateAna yin amfani da ganyen yerba mate, wanda aka shirya da ganyen yerba mate, a cikin akwati, a al'adance kamar busasshen gourd, sannan a sha ta hanyar bambaro na ƙarfe. Shan giya ya fi abin da ake yi a kullum: ya zama al'adar zamantakewa ta ko'ina, tare da kwanaki a ƙauyuka, tattaunawar iyali, da tarurruka da abokai. Duk da cewa ba kayan sutura ba ne, yana cikin wani ɓangare na duniyar al'adu iri ɗaya da take a ciki. siffar gaucho da kuma yanayinsa na gargajiya.

A gefe guda kuma, al'adun Sipaniya a bayyane suke a cikin kayan ado da dama na Creole. Amfani da su ya yadu a ko'ina doki Dokin, a matsayin hanyar sufuri da kayan aiki, ya iso tare da masu mulkin mallaka, tare da shi akwai tarin al'adun dawakai. Daga asali ɗaya ne ya fito. hula, hula mai faɗi wacce ta dace da rayuwa a kan doki, tana kare shi daga rana da ruwan sama mai sauƙi, kuma an haɗa ta da kayan gaucho.

Ba za a iya mantawa da mutum ba guitarBa a iya raba shi da tarukan karkara da wutar sansani ba, poncho, duk da cewa ba tufafi ba ne, yana da alaƙa da hoton gaucho yana rera waƙoƙin jama'a ko waƙoƙin da aka tsara ta hanyar wuta, tare da poncho a kafadarsa da gourd na abokin aure a hannunsa. Duk waɗannan abubuwan - 'Yan asalin ƙasar, Sifaniyanci, da Creole - suna haɗuwa don ƙirƙirar al'ada ta musamman, inda tufafi ke ɗaya daga cikin mafi bayyanannun siffofi. A takaice, tufafin Argentina na yau da kullun... Sakamakon tasirin da ake samu a kan halittu ne da aka sake fassara shi a tsawon lokaci..

Wannan tsarin al'adu bai tsaya cak ba a baya: a yau yana ci gaba da wanzuwa a cikin ƙungiyoyin jama'a, bukukuwan rodeo da na jama'a, bukukuwan karkara, da bukukuwan ƙasa inda sabbin tsararraki ke sanya tufafin da suka gada daga kakanninsu da alfahari. Ta wannan hanyar, Ana sabunta al'ada ba tare da rasa tushenta ba, kuma tufafin gargajiya suna riƙe da ma'anarta a ƙarni na 21..